Ethephon

Structural formula: Chemical name: 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid Molecular Formula: C2H6ClO3P Molecular weight: 144. 5 CAS No.: [16672-80-07] Physical-chemical properties: 1. Appearance: colorless solid 2. Melting point: 74-75oC 3. Vapor pressure: c. 265oC (decomp. ) 4. Boiling point range: <0. 01 mPa (20oC) 5. S. g. /density: 1. 409. 02 (20oC, tech. ) 6. Solubility: Readily soluble in water, readily soluble in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, diethyl ether, and other polar organic solvents. Sparingly soluble in non-polar organic solvents such as benzene and toluene. Insoluble in kerosene and diesel oil. 7. Stability: Stable in aqueous solutions having pH <5. At higher pH, decomposition occurs with the liberation of ethylene. Sensitive to u. v. irradiation. Technical specification: 91%, 85%, 80% tech and 70%, 75% liquid, 40% for tech. Formulation: 1000g/L, 800g/L, 720g/L, 660g/L, 480g/L and 40% (W/W) SL for formulation 10%, 5% and 2. 5% for rubber stimulant Analysis: GC (HG 2311-92) or analysis by measuring ethylene produced on treatment with concentrated alkali Packaging: 200L, 120L and 25L plastic drum. Applications: 1. Action: plant growth regulator with systemic properties. It penetrates into plant tissue, and is decomposed to ethylene; which affects growth processes. 2. Uses: Widely used to accelerate ripening of fruits, tomato, sugar beet, coffee, etc; to increase the tillering of wheat and rice; to prevent lodging in rice, maize and flax; to accelerate boll opening and defoliation in cotton; to hasten the yellowing of mature tobacco leaves; to stimulate latex flow in rubber trees, and resin flow in pine trees; to stimulate early uniform hull split in walnuts; etc. Toxicology: 1. Oral: acute oral LD50 for rats 4229mg/kg 2. Skin and eyes: acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits 5730mg/kg. Irritating to skin and eyes 3. Inhalation: LC50 (4h) for rats 6. 26mg/L 4. NOEL: (2y) for rats 3000ppm diet 5. ADI: (JMPR) 0. 05mg/kg b. w. 6. Birds: acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quails 1072mg/kg 7. Fish: LC50 (96h) for carp >140, rainbow trout 720mg/L 8. Bees: not toxic to bees 9. Daphnia EC50 (48h) 577. 4mg/L