吡虫啉70%WDG以前，吡虫啉因75%WDG20%的SL

Insecticide neonicotinoid Imidacloprid NOMENCLATURE Common name imidacloprid (BSI, draft E-ISO); imidaclopride ((m) F-ISO) IUPAC name 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine Chemical Abstracts name 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine CAS RN [138261-41-3] Development codes BAY NTN 33 893 (Bayer) Imidacloprid APPLICATIONS Biochemistry Acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. Mode of action Systemic insecticide with translaminar activity and with contact and stomach action. Readily taken up by the plant and further distributed acropetally, with good root-systemic action. Uses Control of sucking insects, including rice-, leaf- and planthoppers, aphids, thrips and whitefly. Also effective against soil insects, termites and some species of biting insects, such as rice water weevil and Colorado beetle. Has no effect on nematodes and spider mites. Used as a seed dressing, as soil treatment and as foliar treatment in different crops, e.g. rice, cotton, cereals, maize, sugar beet, potatoes, vegetables, citrus fruit, pome fruit and stone fruit. Applied at 25-100 g/ha for foliar application, and 50-175 g/100 kg seed for most seed treatments, and 350-700 g/100 kg cotton seed. Also used to controls fleas in dogs and cats. Formulation types DP; FS; GR; SC; SL; WG; WP; WS. Imidacloprid ANALYSIS Residues by hplc (F-J. Placke & E. Weber, Pflanzenschutz-Nachrich. Bayer, 93/2, 46, 109-182 (1993)). A method has been developed based on the presence of the 6-chloropyridinylmethylene moiety in all known plant and animal metabolites. Imidacloprid MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY Oral Acute oral LD50 for male and female rats c. 450 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 (24 h) for rats >5000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to eyes and skin (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5323 mg/m3 dust, 69 mg/m3 air (aerosol). NOEL (2 y) for male rats 100, female rats 300, mice 330 mg/kg diet; (52 w) for dogs 500 mg/kg diet. ADI 0.057 mg/kg b.w. Other Not mutagenic or teratogenic. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) II Imidacloprid ECOTOXICOLOGY Birds Acute oral LD50 for Japanese quail 31, bobwhite quail 152 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (5 d) for bobwhite quail 2225, mallard ducks >5000 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for golden orfe 237, rainbow trout 211 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 85 mg/l. Algae ErC50 for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata >100 mg/l. Bees Harmful to honeybees by direct contact, but no problems expected when not sprayed into flowering crop or when used as a seed treatment. Worms LC50 for Eisenia foetida 10.7 mg/kg dry soil.